Clinically-informed insights on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder for clients and families in Lafayette and across Acadiana.
At Aucoin & Associates Psychology Practice in Lafayette, LA, we strive to educate our clients and their families about ADHD using evidence-based information and clinical insight. This guide offers a foundational overview of the diagnostic criteria, clinical subtypes, and presentation across age and gender groups.
What Is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. While commonly diagnosed in childhood, ADHD also affects adolescents and adults—often in ways that are misinterpreted or overlooked.
According to the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), the main characteristics of ADHD are defined as:
- Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, disorganization, and frequent careless mistakes.
- Hyperactivity: Excessive motor activity, restlessness, and difficulty remaining seated or still.
- Impulsivity: Hasty actions without forethought, interruptions in conversation, or difficulty waiting turns.
Symptoms must be present in two or more settings (e.g., home, school, work) and interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning.
ADHD Subtypes
ADHD is categorized into three presentations:
- Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (formerly ADD): Difficulty sustaining focus, frequent forgetfulness, disorganization, daydreaming, and slow task completion.
- Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Excessive movement, fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, frequent interruptions, impulsive speech or behavior.
- Combined Presentation: Features of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are equally prominent.
Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical interview, behavioral observation, and often standardized rating scales or psychological assessments.
ADHD Across the Lifespan
In Children and Adolescents
In school-aged children, ADHD is often identified through academic struggles, behavioral concerns in the classroom, or peer difficulties. Teachers may report inattentiveness, excessive talking, or impulsive behaviors.
In teens, symptoms may evolve to include:
- Academic underperformance
- Emotional dysregulation
- Risk-taking behaviors
- Difficulties with time management and planning
In Adults
ADHD in adults may manifest as:
- Chronic procrastination
- Difficulty sustaining attention in meetings or tasks
- Disorganization in work or home responsibilities
- Relationship challenges
- Heightened risk for comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and substance misuse
Gender Differences in ADHD Presentation
ADHD in girls and women is frequently underdiagnosed. Females are more likely to display symptoms of inattention rather than hyperactivity, making their struggles less visible. They may also experience:
- Internalized symptoms like low self-esteem, anxiety, and perfectionism
- Social withdrawal or “masking” to meet expectations
- Higher rates of misdiagnosis (e.g., depression or anxiety without ADHD recognition)
Understanding these differences is essential for accurate assessment and compassionate treatment.
ADHD and Comorbidities
ADHD often coexists with other psychiatric or developmental conditions, including:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Learning Disabilities (e.g., dyslexia, dysgraphia)
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Sleep disorders
A comprehensive psychological evaluation is vital for accurate differential diagnosis and treatment planning.
When to Seek Evaluation
If you or your child are experiencing persistent difficulties with focus, organization, restlessness, or emotional control, a formal evaluation may be warranted. Early identification can prevent complications in school, work, or relationships and open the door to effective treatment options.
Learn more about our ADHD Testing & Treatment Services in Lafayette, LA.
Further Education
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.)
The DSM-5 outlines diagnostic criteria for ADHD and provides classification for subtypes and comorbidities.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): ADHD Basics
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html
Offers general information, prevalence data, and evidence-based treatment recommendations.
Biederman, J., et al. (2004). “Impact of ADHD on emotional functioning and comorbidity in adults.” The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(11), 1880–1888.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1880
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): ADHD
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
Quinn, P. O., & Madhoo, M. (2014). “A Review of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Women and Girls.” The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4188210/