Clinical insights for individuals and families across Lafayette and the greater Acadiana region.
At Aucoin & Associates Psychology Practice in Lafayette, LA, we aim to offer evidence-based information about bipolar disorder to support clients and their families in making informed decisions about their mental health care.
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a complex and chronic mental health condition characterized by significant fluctuations in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily tasks. It typically involves episodes of mania or hypomania (abnormally elevated mood and energy) and episodes of depression (low mood and energy).
According to the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder and includes two primary diagnoses:
- Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by depressive episodes.
- Bipolar II Disorder: Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (less severe than full mania), without ever having a full manic episode.
Key Symptoms
Manic Episode Symptoms
- Elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Increased talkativeness or pressured speech
- Racing thoughts
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity or physical agitation
- Excessive involvement in risky behaviors (e.g., spending sprees, reckless driving, sexual indiscretions)
Hypomanic Episode Symptoms
Hypomania includes similar symptoms to mania but is less severe and does not cause marked impairment in functioning or require hospitalization.
Depressive Episode Symptoms
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Changes in appetite or sleep
- Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder
Marked by manic episodes lasting at least 7 days (or requiring hospitalization), often followed by depressive episodes. The intensity of symptoms often leads to significant disruption in daily life.
Bipolar II Disorder
Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. Though less disruptive than mania, hypomania still affects interpersonal and occupational functioning.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
A milder, chronic form of bipolar disorder. Individuals experience numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms over a span of at least two years without meeting full criteria for a hypomanic or depressive episode.
Bipolar Disorder in Acadiana
In Lafayette and throughout the Acadiana region, access to specialized care is essential for individuals living with bipolar disorder. Early diagnosis and integrated treatment are key. At Aucoin & Associates, we serve children, adolescents, and adults with individualized treatment plans that account for the cultural, social, and economic realities of our Louisiana communities.
Challenges and Co-Occurring Conditions
Bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed as depression, ADHD, or borderline personality disorder, especially during depressive or mixed episodes. Additionally, it commonly co-occurs with:
- Anxiety disorders
- Substance use disorders
- PTSD
- Eating disorders
Treatment and Support
Effective management of bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of:
- Medication Management: Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), and psychoeducation
- Lifestyle Interventions: Sleep hygiene, stress reduction, and regular routines
- Family Involvement: Supportive family environments significantly improve treatment outcomes
Early intervention, consistent treatment, and education empower individuals and families to manage the condition effectively.
Bipolar Disorder in Women
Bipolar symptoms may present differently in women. For example:
- Women are more likely to experience rapid cycling (four or more mood episodes in a year)
- Women may have more depressive episodes than manic episodes
- Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation, postpartum, menopause) may exacerbate symptoms
Proper diagnosis and gender-informed treatment strategies can significantly improve outcomes.
Further Education
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). https://www.psychiatry.org
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Bipolar Disorder
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder
Grande, I., Berk, M., Birmaher, B., & Vieta, E. (2016). Bipolar disorder. The Lancet, 387(10027), 1561–1572.
Goodwin, F. K., & Jamison, K. R. (2007). Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA):
https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health